The US Open final umpire whom Serena Williams called “a thief” has been defended by tennis’ governing body.

Williams, beaten in straight sets by Naomi Osaka, was docked a game for verbal abuse, having already had a point penalty for smashing her racquet and a code violation for coaching.

She later said it was “sexist” to have been penalised a game.

The International Tennis Federation said Carlos Ramos acted “at all times with professionalism and integrity”.

An ITF statement said: “It is understandable that this high-profile and regrettable incident should provoke debate. At the same time, it is important to remember that Mr Ramos undertook his duties as an official according to the relevant rule book.

“Mr Ramos’ decisions were in accordance with the relevant rules and were reaffirmed by the US Open’s decision to fine Ms Williams for the three offences.”

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However, Williams’ claims have been backed by the governing body of women’s tennis, the WTA.

Chief executive Steve Simon said: “The WTA believes that there should be no difference in the standards of tolerance provided to the emotions expressed by men versus women.

“We do not believe that this was done.”

Osaka, 20, won Saturday’s match 6-2 6-4 to become the first Japanese Grand Slam champion.

Williams, who was aiming to equal Margaret Court’s record of 24 Grand Slam singles titles, refused to shake hands with umpire Ramos after the match.

Her $17,000 (£13,100) fine for the code violations, imposed by the United States Tennis Association, will be deducted from the $1.85m (£1.42m) she won as the runner-up.

New US Open champion Naomi Osaka can become Japan’s first world number one, says Japanese former Grand Slam semi-finalist Kimiko Date.

The 20-year-old’s straight-sets win on Saturday was overshadowed by Serena Williams’ outbursts at the umpire.

But Date said Osaka’s triumph in her first Grand Slam final was “amazing”.

“If she continues to develop the way she has over the past two weeks, she can go on to be Japan’s first world number one,” added Date.

“To keep your cool like that, from the moment you step onto court to the last point, isn’t easy.”

Osaka – who was born in Japan and raised in America – has climbed to a career-best seventh in the world rankings after her win in New York.

Date, a Wimbledon semi-finalist in 1996, expects Osaka to emulate the achievements of China’s two-time Grand Slam winner Li Na.

Former word number four Date said: “Osaka is taking on the power tennis of the women’s game with power of her own – an Asian player, a Japanese player.

“Until now only Li Na [of Asian players] had the physique to be able to tackle that kind of power.

“You could tell Serena was wary of Osaka’s power.”

• Naomi Osaka wins US Open after Serena Williams outburst

Williams was given a code violation for coaching, a penalty point for racquet abuse and finally a game penalty for calling the umpire a “thief” and “a liar” .

Osaka remained composed throughout Williams’ repeated on-court protests as she ended the 36-year-old’s bid for a record-equalling 24th Grand Slam title.

But she became overwhelmed by emotion during the trophy presentation as boos – seemingly aimed at the umpire’s decision to penalise Williams – rang down from the stands, prompting Williams to ask for the crowd to “give credit” to Osaka.

“I’m sorry it had to end like this,” a crying Osaka said as after she’d been presented with her trophy.

“It was always my dream to play Serena in the US Open finals so I am really glad I was able to do that.”

How French pastries helped nervous Osaka

Williams was a childhood idol of Osaka’s and the new US Open champion even wrote a school report on her.

“It’s a little bit crazy,” said Osaka.

“Growing up and watching people you idolise, you always dream that one day you’ll be in that position, so to be in that position right now…

“I feel like I’m a big kid that doesn’t really understand how the world works, because mainly I’ve just played tennis my whole life and I haven’t really thought much of anything else.”

Osaka admitted she thought she was going to be sick before her maiden Grand Slam final and was thankful for the advice of sister Mari, who is also a tennis player.

“I woke up and I was sweating. I was so nervous, my heart was racing the entire day. I think that wasn’t good for my health,” she said.

“I couldn’t eat anything, I felt like I was going to throw up. I was just so stressed and I kept calling my sister, my poor sister. She was telling me to think of it as just another match and then I would yell at her, ‘Are you crazy? This is a Grand Slam final.’

“Since she’s in Paris, she was showing me these random croissants and baguettes to try to take my mind off of it, and it kind of worked.”

Who is Naomi Osaka?

• Osaka was born in Japan on 16 October 1997 to a Japanese mother, Tamaki Osaka, and Haitian father, Leonard Francois, before moving to America. She has dual Japanese and American citizenship
• She has risen to a career-high seventh from 19th in the world rankings following her US Open win
• Osaka won the Indian Wells WTA title in March, which is often known as the ‘fifth major’ in tennis
• The Florida resident is a self-confessed Pokemon nerd

What was the reaction in Japan?

Osaka’s profile has soared in Japan, with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe tweeting his pride on behalf of the nation.

She is the latest dual heritage athlete to rise to prominence, along with sprinter Asuka Cambridge, baseball player Yu Darvish and judo star Mashu Baker.

Abe thanked her for “giving Japan a boost of inspiration at this time of hardship” – an apparent reference to last week’s deadly Typhoon Jedi and the Hokkaido earthquake that killed dozens of people.

Osaka is scheduled to head straight from New York to Japan to play in the Pan Pacific Open, which begins on 17 September, a tournament now billed as a “homecoming” for the new US Open champion.

The Yomiuri newspaper said Osaka was a “new heroine” while Japanese men’s tennis player Kei Nishikori posted his support for his compatriot in a number of tweets.

Novak Djokovic says a five-day hike in the mountains with his wife transformed a season that has brought back-to-back Grand Slam titles.

The Serb added the US Open crown to his Wimbledon trophy with a 6-3 7-6 (7-4) 6-3 victory over Juan Martin del Potro.

After a shock defeat by world number 72 Marco Cecchinato in the French Open quarter-finals in June, Djokovic went trekking and took stock on a peak.

“We sat down and we just looked at the world from that perspective,” he said.

“I breathed in the new inspiration, new motivation. I thought of tennis, thought of the emotion that tennis provokes in me.

“It was all positives. I just felt like I had a new breath for this sport.

“The rest is history in terms of results. I played finals of Queen’s, won Wimbledon, won Cincinnati, and won US Open. I guess we’ll be hiking some more very soon.”

Djokovic, who climbed Mont Sainte-Victoire in the south of France with wife Jelena, added: “I strongly recommend you to climb it. Some great things will happen in your life.”

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Sunday’s win at Flushing Meadows in New York meant Djokovic, 31, moved level with American great Pete Sampras’ tally of 14 Grand Slam titles, a feat he described as “truly incredible”.

Only Roger Federer (20) and Rafael Nadal (17) have claimed more.

“There is a lot of significance of me being now shoulder to shoulder with Sampras,” Djokovic said.

“The first thing I saw related to tennis on the TV was his first or second Wimbledon championship. That inspired me to start playing tennis.”

Sampras won his titles, which included a then record seven Wimbledon triumphs, between 1990 and 2002.

Sampras beat Australian Roy Emerson’s 33-year record of 13 titles by winning Wimbledon in 2000, and extended it by winning the 2002 US Open – the final tournament of his career.

“I grew up playing and thinking that one day I’ll be able to do what he does,” former world number one Djokovic said.

“To actually be here, it’s a dream come true.”

Federer broke Sampras’ record at Wimbledon in 2009, with Nadal also surpassing the American with victory at the 2017 French Open.

Djokovic said he owes his own success to the rivalries which he has developed with 37-year-old Federer and 32-year-old Nadal over the past decade.

“Maybe 10 years ago I would say I’m not so happy to be part of this era with Nadal and Federer. Actually today I am. I really am,” he said.

“The rivalries with these guys, the matches with Federer and Nadal, have shaped me into the player I am today.

“We have pushed each other to the limit every time we get to play each other.”

‘Winning Wimbledon and US Open hard to believe’

Djokovic had dropped to 22nd in the world rankings earlier this year after needing surgery in January to fix a long-standing elbow injury, a problem which ruled him out of last year’s US Open.

He also said he suffered personal issues in 2017, both key factors as he was unable to reach a semi-final in seven consecutive Grand Slams until his Wimbledon victory.

He won in Cincinnati in August to become the first player to win all nine Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour.

“If you told me in February this year when I got the surgery that I’ll win Wimbledon, US Open, and Cincinnati, it would be hard to believe,” he said.

“But at the same time there was always part of me that imagined and believed and hoped that I can get back on the desired level of tennis very soon.

“Life showed me that it takes time for good things; it takes time to really build them. The last two months have been terrific.

“I feel like I’m on a whole new level. Winning Wimbledon and US Open is hard to believe.”

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Serena Williams’ claims of sexism in the US Open final have been backed by the governing body of women’s tennis.

WTA chief executive Steve Simon said she had been shown a different level of tolerance over Saturday’s outbursts by the umpire than if she had been a man.

She got a code violation for coaching, a penalty point for racquet abuse and a game penalty for calling the umpire a “thief” in the loss to Naomi Osaka.

The American said it was “sexist” to have been penalised a game.

“The WTA believes that there should be no difference in the standards of tolerance provided to the emotions expressed by men vs. women,” Simon said in a statement.

“We do not believe that this was done last night.”

The head of the United States Tennis Association, which organises the US Open, said men “are badgering the umpire on the changeovers and nothing happens”.

“We watch the guys do this all the time,” USTA chief Katrina Adams said.

“There’s no equality when it comes to what the men are doing to the chair umpires and what the women are doing, and I think there has to be some consistency across the board.

“I’m all about gender equality and I think when you look at that situation these are conversations that will be imposed in the next weeks. We have to treat each other fairly and the same.”

Those views were shared by BBC tennis presenter Sue Barker, who said: “I’ve sat courtside watching the men ranting at umpires and they haven’t been given a violation.”

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Umpire should not have pushed Williams to the limit – Djokovic

Novak Djokovic was asked about Williams’ outbursts after he won a third men’s US Open title on Sunday by beating Juan Martin del Potro.

He said the interventions by umpire Carlos Ramos were “unnecessary” and said they “changed the course of the match”.

“I have my personal opinion that maybe the chair umpire should not have pushed Serena to the limit, especially in a Grand Slam final,” the Serb said.

But Djokovic said he did not see things in the same way as WTA chief Simon, adding: “I don’t understand from where he’s coming with that statement.”

The 14-time Grand Slam champion also described the situation as “tough” for the umpire and said “we have to empathise with him.”

Controversy in women’s doubles

A day after Osaka was left in tears during an awkward and toxic trophy presentation in which Williams urged booing to stop, there was more controversy in the women’s doubles.

American CoCo Vandeweghe and Australian Ashleigh Barty said they were hustled off court shortly before the men’s final, unable to deliver a victory speech after receiving their trophy.

“We couldn’t thank anyone. I think that was poor form,” said American Vandeweghe. “Maybe they’ll do us right in Australia since the U.S. couldn’t do me right.”

Barty added they were rushed off because “the men needed to start”.

“To be honest, I don’t think they [Djokovic and Del Potro] would have worried if they were 10 or 15 minutes delayed,” the Australian said.

Inconsistency ‘bothers’ players

Williams was given a code violation in the final after Ramos ruled that her coach Patrick Mouratoglou was signalling tactics from the stands.

After the match, Mouratoglou admitted in a television interview he had been coaching – but added “I don’t think she looked at me” and “everybody does it”.

The incident has raised debate on the consistency of the coaching rules which state:

• Players can not receive coaching during a Grand Slam match (including the warm-up). Communications of any kind, audible or visible, between a player and a coach may be construed as coaching.
• On-court coaching is allowed by the WTA at its Tour-level events.
• Coaching from the stands is allowed in the US Open qualifying rounds between points.

Belarusian two-time Grand Slam champion Victoria Azarenka said “it bothers” her that there is “too much of a grey area” in these rules.

“The umpire can choose to exercise it or not,” she said in a live video on her Instagram page. “We either have a rule for all times or we don’t. That is my problem with it.”

“Why is there so much difference? I don’t get that. There has to be a clear rule to it. If it happened in the men’s match, it would not happen again. That is the problem. It is the inconsistency.”

When Novak Djokovic won the US Open for a third time on Sunday, he regained his place as his sport’s biggest ever on-court earner.

That is despite winning fewer Grand Slams – the most lucrative tournaments in tennis – and fewer ATP Tour titles than Swiss great Roger Federer.

The pair were set to meet in a quarter-final at Flushing Meadows, only for Federer to be stunned by Australian John Millman in the last 16.

And by beating Argentine third seed Juan Martin del Potro 6-3 7-6 (7-4) 6-3 in the final, the 31-year-old Serb overtook Federer in terms of career prize money – although as we will see, he still has a long way to go to catch the Swiss when it comes to off-court earnings.

How much have they earned?

Federer’s haul of 20 Grand Slam titles is more than any other man in history – six more than Djokovic, who only also trails Rafael Nadal and Pete Sampras in terms of major wins.

In total Federer has won 98 career titles, dwarfing Djokovic’s tally of 71.

However, there is not as much disparity between them when it comes to career prize money.

In terms of money earned solely from ATP singles and doubles matches, Federer had won £90.1m ($117,507,812) going into the US Open – slightly ahead of Djokovic’s total of £89.2m ($115,310,890).

Going out in the last 16 put another £205,000 ($266,000) into Federer’s account and, with £2.94m ($3.8m) going to the men’s champion at Flushing Meadows, Djokovic moved back above him for only a second time with victory over 2009 champion Del Potro on Sunday.

“Federer might have been doing it for over 20 years but Djokovic’s peak has been so recent when the prize has gotten so big,” explains Kurt Badenhausen, senior editor at Forbes magazine.

Why has Djokovic earned more?

So with Djokovic having won fewer Grand Slams – the biggest earner for any tennis player – and fewer ATP Tour titles, how has he managed to take home more cash?

The Grand Slams and ATP Tour have grown considerably in terms of global popularity, appeal and reach – and therefore money – over the past decade.

“The players have played a key role in driving that growth,” ATP spokesman Simon Higson said.

“The sport has seen significant increases in prize money levels over the past 10 years which have seen the players share in the overall commercial growth in the sport.”

One player has benefited more than most.

Djokovic has won 13 of his 14 Grand Slam titles since 2010, when the prize money for the champion moved past the £1m mark at all four majors.

Those prizes have continued to rise rapidly. Djokovic took full advantage between 2011 and 2016, winning 11 of 22 Slams and reaching seven other finals. Federer won just one major over the same five-year period.

Modern-day players rewarded by Tour growth

While the Slams continue to provide the biggest pay days for the world’s best players, the growth of the ATP Tour has also been key to Djokovic and Federer breaking the £100m figure.

Djokovic was the first player to pass that mark in 2016, with Federer then overtaking him thanks to his renaissance as the Serb’s form slumped.

An all-time record 4.7m fans watched ATP tournaments in 2017. And as audiences have increased, so have player earnings; ATP prize money – for tournaments excluding the Slams – has risen by 286% over the past three decades. Inflation over the same period is 92.8%.

From an annual total of $34.8m (£26.9m) distributed in 1990, prize money has climbed to more than $135m (£104m) in 2018.

No wonder the ‘Big Four’ of Federer, Djokovic, Nadal and Britain’s Andy Murray are the top-earning players of all-time.

In addition, players such as Spain’s David Ferrer and Czech Tomas Berdych, both mainstays in the world top 10 for years without winning a Grand Slam, have earned comparable amounts to global mega-stars of the previous era in Andre Agassi and Boris Becker.

Yet the same riches are still not on offer for their female counterparts.

Serena Williams, who lost to Naomi Osaka in Saturday’s women’s final when going for a record-equalling 24th Grand Slam title, has earned far less than Djokovic and Federer.

Before this tournament, the 36-year-old American had earned £66m ($86m) in prize money over her illustrious career – more than double that of older sister Venus, who is second on the list of all-time female earners.

Although parity was eventually achieved at Wimbledon when both singles’ champions were given the same winning cheque in 2007, the WTA Tour’s overall prize money still trails that of the ATP.

Federer’s overall wealth on a different scale

While Djokovic might be competing toe-to-toe with Federer on the tennis court, both physically and financially, he is nowhere near matching the Swiss’ overall wealth.

Federer is the 15th-richest sports person in history, having earned £522m ($675m) over his 20-year career. In 2017, his total income was £59.5m ($77m) – £50.3m ($65m) through endorsements and £9.2m ($12m) in prize money.

By contrast, Djokovic has an overall wealth of £135.4m ($175m) and brought in £18.2m ($23.5m) – £17m ($22m) through endorsements and £1.2m ($1.5m) in prize money – last year.

“Federer’s endorsement portfolio is unparalleled across all the sports,” explains Kurt Badenhausen, a senior editor at Forbes magazine specialising in the business of sport. “And many of these deals have struck out for 10-plus years.”

Why is Federer more attractive to sponsors than Djokovic?

Being considered the greatest man to grace a tennis court is clearly key.

“He has got a few things going for him,” Badenhausen says.

“One, he plays a global sport. Two, he’s been at the top of his game for a very long time. Three, the demographics of tennis are incredible in terms of disposable incomes and people who are ready to spend money on watches, cars and equipment.

“That’s why you have marketers banging down doors to get into business with Roger Federer.”

This has been illustrated by the Swiss, who has refused to acknowledge the word ‘retirement’ but knows the end is not far away, signing a 10-year deal with Japanese clothing company Uniqlo – worth £232m ($300m) – after his contract with long-time backers Nike expired.

Federer was as synonymous with Nike as Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods and LeBron James.

“Nike has traditionally paid top dollar for athletes that are still performing and still competing, but as those athletes moving towards retirement it is not necessarily willing to commit significant resources to those athletes,” Badenhausen explains.

What Federer intends to do post-playing has not yet been revealed publicly.

One would imagine more time would be devoted to the Roger Federer Foundation, which supports educational projects in Africa and Switzerland, along with a management company – set up alongside his long-time agent Tony Godsick in 2013 – that boasts Del Potro and Grigor Dimitrov in its ranks.

“To some degree Federer leaving Nike sent shockwaves after 20-plus years together, but as he moves into the next phase of his life it makes sense,” Badenhausen says.

“Federer’s popularity in Asia is off the charts so he looked at it as an opportunity where he can connect with his fans.

“With the Olympics in Tokyo in 2020 and Uniqlo being a big backer that could present a lot of synergy for Federer.”

Why is Djokovic not on same level?

One of the greatest tennis players of all time, plenty of charisma and portraying an image as a doting father, Djokovic has plenty going for him.

So why is he unable to reach the same heights commercially as Federer?

Badenhausen thinks there are two main factors: the country of his birth and not having a long-term partnership with sportswear brand like Federer had with Nike.

“His home country certainly has an impact, he is not going to get any deals from there,” he says.

“Federer has a lot of global deals but also has several very lucrative deals from big Swiss companies. That isn’t an option for Djokovic in Serbia.

“Also Djokovic has bounced around from one apparel brand to another. That has hurt him, without those brands breaking through.

“Federer has always had Nike at his back, marketing Federer around the world – and there is something to be said for the power of Nike.

“They have a long history of creating these personas that are bigger than life.

“They did it with LeBron James, Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan and in tennis with John McEnroe, who wasn’t the most successful of his generation but he was the biggest player of his generation because of the way Nike marketed him as the bad boy of tennis.

“Nike always pushed Federer as this graceful champion of the sport. Djokovic hasn’t had that backing.”

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